Cyber Terrosrism

Cyber-terrorism, it is illegal activities that use computer as a tool to steal individuals or organizations secret such as theft of confidential information of companies, money laundering, distortion of information, racketeering, decoding software, including sorties to the computer system as computer viruses, destruction and so on.

Online Defamation (Continued)

In an online defamation, there are some words and their examples need to be understanding. Those words are public figure, libel and slander.
Public Figure: is a term applied in the context of defamation actions as well as invasion of privacy. A public figure (such as a politician, celebrity, or business leader) cannot base a sample on incorrect harmful statements unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with actual malice. The burden of proof in defamation actions is higher in the case of public figure.
Libel: is a false statement of fact expressed in a fixed medium, usually writing but also a picture, sign, or electronic broadcast.
Slander: is a defamatory statement expressed in a transitory medium, such as verbal speech. It is considered  a civil injury, as opposed to a criminal offence. Actual damages must be proven for someone to be held liable for slander.
We can see that the two definitions of libel and slander are similar, is false statement or defamation by written or printed words,or in any form other than by spoken words or gestures. 
Examples of Libelous Statement
-
Charging someone with being a communist (in 1995)
- Calling an attorney a " a crook"
- Accusing a minister of unethical conduct
- Accusing a father of violating the confidence of son
Examples of Non- Libelous Statement
- Calling a political foe a "thief" and "liar" in chance encounter
- Calling a TV show participant a "local loser", "chicken butt"
- Calling someone a "bitch" or a "son of bitch"
I would like to make "online defamation" ends here. See you next post. 

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